The superior manufacturing processes for conductive gels mainly focus on in-situ polymerization, freeze-thaw-radiation synergistic methods, and solvent exchange-mechanical training methods. These methods effectively improve the conductivity, mechanical strength, and environmental adaptability of the materials.
1. In-situ Polymerization (High Uniformity, High Stability) This method mixes conductive monomers with hydrogel precursors, achieving uniform dispersion of conductive components during polymerization, avoiding agglomeration, and significantly improving conductivity and biocompatibility.
Suitable for introducing conductive polymers (such as PEDOT:PSS, polyaniline).
It allows for precise control of the conductive network structure, making it suitable for fabricating high-sensitivity devices for electronic skin and biosensors.
2. Freeze-Thaw-Ionizing Radiation Synergistic Method (High Strength, Environmental Tolerance) The Zhao Long team at Huazhong University of Science and Technology used freeze-thaw + ionizing radiation technology to construct a polyionic liquid/MXene/polyvinyl alcohol dual-network structure (PMP DN ICH), achieving multiple cross-linking.
It possesses excellent temperature tolerance (-60 ~ 80°C) and high ionic conductivity (63.89 mS/cm).
Suitable for flexible sensors, supercapacitors, and other devices in extreme environments.
3. Solvent Exchange-Mechanical Training Method (Fatigue Resistance, High Toughness) The Chengdu University team constructed a tendon-inspired polyvinyl alcohol-based organic hydrogel using a mechanical training + solvent exchange process.